Baccalaureate Origins of Sloan Fellows, part 2: Liberal Arts Colleges Versus Research Universities

Analysis of the baccalaureate origins of Sloan fellows in the hard sciences using SAT tiers.

The Sloan Fellowship is a prestigious award for early career STEM scientists at U.S. and Canadian academic institutions. The data set I am using is one I assembled on the Baccalaureate origins of the Sloan Fellows who received their undergraduate education in the U.S., which was approximately 50% of the fellows. The data were collected by looking up the CVs of the fellows, the names of which are posted in the Sloan Foundation press releases. I combined the Bacculaureate origin data with data on the undergraduate institutions from the Scorecard database on U.S. Baccalaureate institutions.

The data were then filtered to only include fellows who received their undergraduate degree in the U.S. and from either a research university or a liberal arts college (LAC). This is important to understand when looking at the results—the liberal arts colleges are being compared to research universities. This filtering only excluded a handful of fellows who received their undergraduate degrees in the U.S.; basically all Sloan fellows received their undergraduate degrees at a research university or liberal arts college.

This is my second attempt at this analysis. In my first attempt, I used the Equality of Opportunity tier groups (e.g. ‘Highly selective private’) and also tiers based on ACT scores (31, 32, etc). The most important difference is that I used total undergraduate enrollment as the ‘size’ of the school. I realized that the number of students with high SAT Math scores would be a better ‘size’ to use. The nature of Sloan Fellowships means that it is unlikely that the awardee would have had an SAT Math score under 700 as an undergraduate. These are people went to graduate school in fields that require quantitative skills. This second analysis uses the number of undergraduates with an SAT Math score between 700-800.

I will be showing a series of barplots where I look at the Sloan production within groups of schools. I am not concerned with individual schools, but rather the production within a whole group of schools.

Summary of the results

Standardizing by the SAT math scores does not completely remove the selectivity effect—the effect that more selective schools have a higher production of future Sloan fellows. However it removes much of the effect.

Four schools have produced the lion’s share of the future Sloan fellows: MIT, CalTech, Harvard and Princeton. This is particularly the case in math, physics and economics where 36% of Sloan fellows received their undergraduate degrees from these four schools. In the other fields, 20% received their undergraduate degrees from these schools. Because these groups have an outsized effect on the results for their ‘group’, I removed them for the rest of the analysis and looked at where the other Sloan fellows received their undergraduate education.

The most striking result with these four outlier institutions removed is that Liberal Arts Colleges (LACs) produce an unusually high number of future Sloan fellows given their enrollment size. Approximately 25% of future Sloan fellows in math, physics and economics get their undergraduate degrees at a LAC (8% if we include the four outlier schools). Similarly in the other fields, 25% of future Sloan fellows went to a LAC as an undergraduate (15% if we include the four outlier schools). This is a high percentage if we consider the enrollment size of LACs. LACs have a higher per capita production of future Sloan fellows than the elite private schools (which includes the Ivies minus Harvard and Princeton). Production of future Sloan fellows is not restricted to ‘elite’ LACs. The mid-tier LACs also have higher production than the elite private schools, which are considerably more selective.

That small Liberal Arts Schools produce unusually high number graduates who go on to get PhDs in STEM is well-known and has been reported in other studies. What my analysis indicates is that this higher than expected production is also seen when we look at a select group of highly productive early-career research scientists in academia. These individuals are many years past their undergraduate education: they have finished a PhD, finished post-doctoral training, gained an academic position, and published ground-breaking research. For those in neuroscience, chemistry, and ocean science, they will have also successfully established a productive research group (‘lab’) of students and post-doctoral researchers.

The other big take-home is public institutions, even the very selective ones with similar SAT scores as the private schools, have low production of future Sloan fellows in all of the fields. Across the board, Liberals Arts Colleges outproduce on this metric. However, public institutions do outproduce the less selective private research universities across the board. In fact the less selective private research universities by and large do not produce future Sloan fellows.

Carnegie School Classifications

This analysis focuses on comparting Liberal Arts colleges to research universities. The idea is to examine whether there is a difference in the production of future Sloan Fellows based on the type of institution (research university versus undergraduate institution).

I used these Carnegie Classifications

• 15 = Doctoral Universities: Highest Research Activity
• 16 = Doctoral Universities: Higher Research Activity
• 18 = Master’s Colleges & Universities: Larger Programs
• 21 = Baccalaureate Colleges: Arts & Sciences Focus

I labelled each institution by type: Liberal Arts colleges, technical research universities, and research universities but not a technical institute. The research universities were further separated into public and private, but the technical institutes were not. Only private Liberal Arts colleges were included in the analysis as there were too few public Liberal Arts colleges with data.

SAT Math Score Bands

I divided schools into three SAT Math score bands based on the upper 75% math scores.

• sat1: SAT Math upper 75% 760-800
• sat2: SAT Math upper 75% 690-759
• sat3: SAT Math upper 75% 640-689

Some Liberal Arts colleges were missing SAT data in the Scorecard database and I filled those in from www.collegedata.com.

Tier Groups

I created ‘tiers’ based on the Carnegie Classifications and the SAT Math bands.

• T1, T2, T3: technical institutes in the SAT1, SAT2, and SAT3 bands
• Pr1, Pr2, Pr3: private research universities in the 3 SAT bands
• Pu1, Pu2, Pu3: public research universities in the 3 SAT bands
• L1, L2, L3: Liberal Arts colleges in the 3 SAT bands

Number of undergraduates with SAT Math 700-800

The number of undergraduates with SAT Math 700-800 (‘Size’) was estimated by multiplying the total undergraduate enrollment (‘Tot.Size’) by the fraction of incoming freshman with SAT Math scores between 700-800 (‘SAT.700.800’).

	Size	Tot.Size	SAT.700.800
brandeis university	2129	3715	0.57
case western reserve university	2662	4807	0.55
dartmouth college	2703	4184	0.65
rice university	3112	3888	0.80
tufts university	3250	5143	0.63

When I compute the per-capita rate of Sloan Fellow production, I will be dividing the number of Fellows by the ‘Size’ column. This is to attempt to compare ‘apples to apples’. Yes, more Sloan Fellows attended Princeton as undergraduates. Is this something about Princeton, or simply that Princeton has an unusually high fraction of undergraduates who are strong academically, esp. in math.

Bacculareate origin of Math, Physics and Economics Sloan Fellows

The number of undergraduates (in thousands) in each bar is shown in parentheses below the number of Sloan Fellows. The bottom bar plot shows the per capita production of future Sloan Fellows.

The T1 and Pr1 groups are dominated by a handful of institutions

The T1 and Pr1 groups have the highest per-capita production of future Sloan Fellows, but these groups are dominated by a few institutions, namely MIT, CalTech, Harvard and Princeton. These four institutions produce 35.8 percent of the future Sloan fellows in math, physics and economics.

Math, Physics and Economics future Sloan Fellows with MIT, Caltech, Harvard and Princeton removed

What about the other 64.2 percent of Sloan fellows? To look at this, I remove MIT, CalTech, Harvard and Princeton. With these four outlier schools removed, the Liberal Arts colleges have the highest per-capita production in all SAT Math bands compared to research universities (private or public) in the same SAT Math band.

Neuroscience, Chemistry, Computational Biology and Ocean Science future Sloan Fellows

This shows the same bar-plot for Neuroscience, Chemistry, and Ocean Sciences. The number of undergraduates (n in thousands) and number of institutions (i) is shown below the number of Sloan Fellows for each bar.

Again the majority of Sloan Fellows come from the same four schools

MIT, CalTech, Harvard and Princeton produce 21.5 percent of the future Sloan fellows in neuroscience, chemistry, computational biology and ocean science.

To an extent this is true for the Liberal Arts Colleges also

However the sample sizes are small (only 13 fellows in the L1 group on the left), and the difference between 2 versus 3 Sloan Fellows looks large in the pie but can occur due the chance. Williams and Swarthmore are schools which one would expect to have more Sloan Fellows, but one would also expect Amherst and Bowdoin to be similarly high.

Neuroscience, Chemistry, Computational Biology and Ocean Sciences future Sloan Fellows with MIT, Caltech, Harvard and Princeton removed

With these 4 schools removed, the Liberal Arts colleges have the highest per-capita production in all SAT Math bands.

Data

Math and Physics

This shows the institutions in each group along with the number of Sloan Fellows. I’ve added the SAT Math upper 75% score for each school. The Tot.Size is the undergraduate enrollment and ‘Size’ is the estimated number of undergraduates with an SAT score of 700-800.

T1

	Fellows	Tot.Size	Size	SAT.Math75	SAT.700.800
california institute of technology	12	983	983	800	1.00
georgia institute of technology-main campus	2	13996	9043	770	0.65
massachusetts institute of technology	10	4476	4217	800	0.94
rensselaer polytechnic institute	2	5557	3590	770	0.65

T2

	Fellows	Tot.Size	Size	SAT.Math75	SAT.700.800
colorado school of mines	0	4383	1613	720	0.37
illinois institute of technology	0	3046	1359	740	0.45
stevens institute of technology	0	2842	1466	745	0.52

T3

	Fellows	Tot.Size	Size	SAT.Math75	SAT.700.800
california polytechnic state university-san luis obispo	0	19177	3308	680	0.17
florida institute of technology	0	3348	462	660	0.14
lawrence technological university	0	2798	277	650	0.10
michigan technological university	0	5576	997	680	0.18
new jersey institute of technology	0	6748	1003	670	0.15
virginia polytechnic institute and state university	0	24191	4325	680	0.18

Pr1

	Fellows	Tot.Size	Size	SAT.Math75	SAT.700.800
brandeis university	1	3715	2129	770	0.57
brown university	6	6264	3886	780	0.62
carnegie mellon university	2	5819	4364	800	0.75
case western reserve university	1	4807	2662	760	0.55
columbia university	7	8100	6075	790	0.75
cornell university	4	14195	9171	770	0.65
dartmouth college	2	4184	2703	770	0.65
duke university	2	6480	4860	790	0.75
georgetown university	1	7211	3993	760	0.55
harvard university	33	7236	5753	800	0.80
johns hopkins university	1	6039	4188	770	0.69
northeastern university	0	13492	8527	760	0.63
northwestern university	1	8725	6544	790	0.75
princeton university	27	5258	4181	800	0.80
rice university	5	3888	3112	790	0.80
stanford university	11	7018	5264	790	0.75
tufts university	0	5143	3250	760	0.63
university of chicago	12	5729	4694	800	0.82
university of notre dame	1	8427	5445	770	0.65
university of pennsylvania	2	10678	7476	780	0.70
university of southern california	0	18392	10184	760	0.55
vanderbilt university	0	6818	5756	800	0.84
washington university in st louis	4	6913	5836	800	0.84
yale university	8	5473	4105	800	0.75

Pr2

	Fellows	Tot.Size	Size	SAT.Math75	SAT.700.800
bentley university	0	4190	836	690	0.20
boston college	0	9483	4232	740	0.45
boston university	0	16457	6247	730	0.38
emory university	0	7730	3865	750	0.50
george washington university	0	10433	2608	700	0.25
lehigh university	0	5034	2247	740	0.45
new york university	2	24539	10478	740	0.43
santa clara university	0	5447	1634	710	0.30
southern methodist university	0	6340	1901	710	0.30
tulane university	0	7892	1973	700	0.25
university of miami	0	10828	4110	730	0.38
university of tulsa	0	3441	860	700	0.25

Pr3

	Fellows	Tot.Size	Size	SAT.Math75	SAT.700.800
american university	0	7094	797	660	0.11
baylor university	0	13801	1936	670	0.14
bethel university-saint paul	0	2936	260	640	0.09
brigham young university-provo	0	27163	4686	680	0.17
butler university	0	4013	434	650	0.11
chapman university	0	6211	479	650	0.08
creighton university	0	3977	553	665	0.14
drake university	0	3290	551	670	0.17
drexel university	0	16681	2340	670	0.14
emerson college	0	3757	290	650	0.08
fordham university	0	8485	1464	680	0.17
gonzaga university	0	4754	367	650	0.08
loyola marymount university	0	6064	682	660	0.11
marquette university	0	8212	634	650	0.08
rockhurst university	0	1671	233	650	0.14
rollins college	0	2670	313	660	0.12
saint louis university	0	7822	1162	670	0.15
seattle university	0	4415	350	640	0.08
spring arbor university	0	2632	327	645	0.12
syracuse university	0	14768	1802	660	0.12
texas christian university	0	8600	763	650	0.09
university of dallas	0	1324	105	640	0.08
university of dayton	0	8305	658	640	0.08
university of denver	0	5629	633	660	0.11
university of detroit mercy	0	2677	481	670	0.18
yeshiva university	0	2814	518	680	0.18

Pu1

	Fellows	Tot.Size	Size	SAT.Math75	SAT.700.800
university of california-berkeley	9	27126	14125	770	0.52
university of california-san diego	2	24801	11887	760	0.48
university of illinois at urbana-champaign	2	31875	23906	790	0.75
university of michigan-ann arbor	3	28217	15624	760	0.55

Pu2

	Fellows	Tot.Size	Size	SAT.Math75	SAT.700.800
college of william and mary	0	6256	2671	740	0.43
cuny bernard m baruch college	0	14420	2955	690	0.20
michigan state university	1	38395	8535	690	0.22
missouri university of science and technology	0	6418	1604	700	0.25
ohio state university-main campus	0	43733	16601	730	0.38
purdue university-main campus	0	29977	7494	700	0.25
rutgers university-new brunswick	1	34094	8524	700	0.25
stony brook university	1	16170	4765	710	0.29
suny at binghamton	0	13372	3343	700	0.25
university of california-davis	0	27547	6887	700	0.25
university of california-irvine	0	24474	5394	690	0.22
university of california-los angeles	1	29627	12550	750	0.42
university of california-santa barbara	3	20237	5699	710	0.28
university of connecticut	0	18016	3767	690	0.21
university of florida	2	31879	6666	690	0.21
university of iowa	2	21486	5372	700	0.25
university of maryland-college park	3	26532	10072	730	0.38
university of minnesota-twin cities	2	30135	13205	750	0.44
university of north carolina at chapel hill	0	17908	6141	720	0.34
university of pittsburgh-pittsburgh campus	0	18474	3785	690	0.20
university of texas at austin	5	38914	12705	720	0.33
university of texas at dallas	0	14300	3575	700	0.25
university of virginia-main campus	6	15515	6625	740	0.43
university of washington-seattle campus	0	29468	7367	700	0.25
university of wisconsin-madison	1	29302	12046	740	0.41

Pu3

	Fellows	Tot.Size	Size	SAT.Math75	SAT.700.800
arizona state university-tempe	0	39316	3487	640	0.09
auburn university	0	20514	1918	645	0.09
clemson university	0	17083	2819	680	0.16
college of new jersey	0	6407	899	670	0.14
cuny city college	0	12175	1680	660	0.14
cuny hunter college	0	15778	1560	650	0.10
florida state university	0	32432	1489	640	0.05
indiana university-bloomington	0	32252	4209	660	0.13
iowa state university	2	28336	5568	680	0.20
miami university-oxford	0	15454	2763	680	0.18
mississippi state university	0	15800	1662	640	0.11
north carolina state university at raleigh	0	22925	3572	680	0.16
north dakota state university-main campus	0	11763	1981	665	0.17
pennsylvania state university-main campus	2	39958	5938	670	0.15
southern illinois university-carbondale	0	13171	1480	640	0.11
texas a and m university-college station	0	46941	6975	670	0.15
university at buffalo	0	19488	1729	650	0.09
university of alabama at birmingham	0	11383	1279	640	0.11
university of alabama in huntsville	0	5451	589	650	0.11
university of california-riverside	1	18784	2186	650	0.12
university of california-santa cruz	0	16277	2015	650	0.12
university of central florida	0	52280	3022	640	0.06
university of cincinnati-main campus	0	23795	3284	660	0.14
university of colorado boulder	0	25873	3376	660	0.13
university of delaware	0	18222	2223	660	0.12
university of georgia	0	26738	3751	670	0.14
university of houston	0	31643	2180	640	0.07
university of illinois at chicago	0	16635	2296	660	0.14
university of kentucky	0	21725	2114	640	0.10
university of maryland-baltimore county	0	11274	1582	670	0.14
university of massachusetts-amherst	0	21864	3068	670	0.14
university of massachusetts-lowell	0	12190	840	640	0.07
university of michigan-dearborn	0	6906	945	658	0.14
university of michigan-flint	0	6565	1304	680	0.20
university of minnesota-duluth	0	9120	887	640	0.10
university of missouri-columbia	1	27276	3764	660	0.14
university of missouri-kansas city	0	8127	1645	680	0.20
university of missouri-st louis	0	8936	1435	660	0.16
university of nebraska-lincoln	0	19979	2889	660	0.14
university of new orleans	0	6742	1218	670	0.18
university of north carolina wilmington	0	12686	582	640	0.05
university of oklahoma-norman campus	0	20538	3329	670	0.16
university of puerto rico-rio piedras	0	12086	2179	673	0.18
university of south carolina-columbia	0	24623	2494	660	0.10
university of tennessee-knoxville	1	21396	1695	640	0.08
university of utah	1	22804	2654	650	0.12
university of vermont	0	9958	985	650	0.10

L1

	Fellows	Tot.Size	Size	SAT.Math75	SAT.700.800
amherst college	1	1792	1158	770	0.65
bowdoin college	0	1797	1202	770	0.67
carleton college	2	2042	1131	760	0.55
claremont mckenna college	0	1293	897	770	0.69
grinnell college	0	1670	925	760	0.55
harvey mudd college	2	802	756	800	0.94
illinois wesleyan university	0	1883	1043	760	0.55
pomona college	0	1635	1134	770	0.69
swarthmore college	1	1530	989	770	0.65
williams college	0	2019	1224	770	0.61

L2

	Fellows	Tot.Size	Size	SAT.Math75	SAT.700.800
augustana college	0	2469	560	690	0.23
barnard college	0	2556	767	710	0.30
bates college	1	1773	466	703	0.26
bryn mawr college	0	1303	467	730	0.36
bucknell university	0	3528	1210	720	0.34
colby college	0	1847	633	720	0.34
colgate university	2	2865	1432	750	0.50
college of the holy cross	0	2754	531	690	0.19
colorado college	1	2036	611	710	0.30
connecticut college	0	1875	469	700	0.25
davidson college	0	1765	605	720	0.34
dickinson college	0	2315	579	700	0.25
franklin and marshall college	0	2182	859	730	0.39
hamilton college	0	1890	945	740	0.50
haverford college	0	1187	594	740	0.50
kalamazoo college	0	1431	315	690	0.22
kenyon college	0	1651	330	690	0.20
lafayette college	0	2471	847	720	0.34
lawrence university	1	1483	546	730	0.37
macalester college	2	2053	844	735	0.41
middlebury college	0	2498	1067	740	0.43
mount holyoke college	0	2161	828	735	0.38
oberlin college	0	2961	1015	720	0.34
occidental college	0	2023	506	700	0.25
pitzer college	0	1076	381	720	0.35
reed college	1	1335	526	730	0.39
rhodes college	0	2007	411	690	0.20
scripps college	0	962	289	710	0.30
smith college	0	2563	879	720	0.34
soka university of america	0	411	118	710	0.29
st olaf college	0	2990	645	690	0.22
trinity college	0	2262	566	700	0.25
union college of schenectady, ny	0	2204	780	720	0.35
university of richmond	0	3223	1105	720	0.34
vassar college	1	2389	1123	740	0.47
washington and lee university	0	1880	868	730	0.46
wellesley college	0	2172	969	740	0.45
wesleyan university	1	2907	1241	740	0.43
wheaton college of wheaton, il	0	2402	600	700	0.25
whitman college	1	1480	430	710	0.29

L3

	Fellows	Tot.Size	Size	SAT.Math75	SAT.700.800
agnes scott college	0	802	78	640	0.10
albion college	0	1249	111	640	0.09
austin college	0	1272	126	650	0.10
bard college	0	2021	361	680	0.18
beloit college	0	1225	102	645	0.08
centre college	0	1379	254	680	0.18
college of wooster	0	2029	302	670	0.15
concordia college at moorhead	0	2296	49	660	0.02
cornell college	0	1082	126	650	0.12
denison university	0	2265	391	680	0.17
depauw university	0	2185	246	660	0.11
earlham college	0	942	162	680	0.17
furman university	0	2796	341	660	0.12
gettysburg college	0	2437	352	680	0.14
gordon college	0	1703	166	640	0.10
gustavus adolphus college	0	2455	447	675	0.18
hendrix college	0	1322	173	660	0.13
hobart william smith colleges	0	2344	247	670	0.11
hope college	0	3312	358	650	0.11
knox college	0	1376	102	660	0.07
lewis and clark college	0	2039	242	670	0.12
luther college	0	2326	226	640	0.10
muhlenberg college	0	2332	262	660	0.11
ripon college	0	820	173	680	0.21
sarah lawrence college	0	1366	258	680	0.19
sewanee-university of the south	0	1616	125	650	0.08
skidmore college	0	2612	467	680	0.18
st john’s college	0	429	77	680	0.18
st lawrence university	0	2282	278	660	0.12
thomas aquinas college	0	378	17	640	0.05
transylvania university	0	1014	140	660	0.14
university of puget sound	0	2550	226	650	0.09
wabash college	0	923	82	640	0.09
washington college	0	1408	97	640	0.07
westmont college	1	1297	115	640	0.09
wheaton college of norton, ma	0	1575	219	665	0.14
willamette university	0	2009	199	650	0.10
wofford college	0	1654	131	640	0.08

Neuroscience, Chemistry, Computational Biology and Ocean Sciences

T1

	Fellows	Tot.Size	Size	SAT.Math75	SAT.700.800
california institute of technology	9	983	983	800	1.00
georgia institute of technology-main campus	0	13996	9043	770	0.65
massachusetts institute of technology	21	4476	4217	800	0.94
rensselaer polytechnic institute	0	5557	3590	770	0.65

T2

	Fellows	Tot.Size	Size	SAT.Math75	SAT.700.800
colorado school of mines	0	4383	1613	720	0.37
illinois institute of technology	0	3046	1359	740	0.45
stevens institute of technology	0	2842	1466	745	0.52

T3

	Fellows	Tot.Size	Size	SAT.Math75	SAT.700.800
california polytechnic state university-san luis obispo	1	19177	3308	680	0.17
florida institute of technology	0	3348	462	660	0.14
lawrence technological university	0	2798	277	650	0.10
michigan technological university	0	5576	997	680	0.18
new jersey institute of technology	0	6748	1003	670	0.15
virginia polytechnic institute and state university	0	24191	4325	680	0.18

Pr1

	Fellows	Tot.Size	Size	SAT.Math75	SAT.700.800
brandeis university	3	3715	2129	770	0.57
brown university	6	6264	3886	780	0.62
carnegie mellon university	3	5819	4364	800	0.75
case western reserve university	0	4807	2662	760	0.55
columbia university	5	8100	6075	790	0.75
cornell university	7	14195	9171	770	0.65
dartmouth college	6	4184	2703	770	0.65
duke university	3	6480	4860	790	0.75
georgetown university	1	7211	3993	760	0.55
harvard university	22	7236	5753	800	0.80
johns hopkins university	2	6039	4188	770	0.69
northeastern university	0	13492	8527	760	0.63
northwestern university	1	8725	6544	790	0.75
princeton university	13	5258	4181	800	0.80
rice university	4	3888	3112	790	0.80
stanford university	12	7018	5264	790	0.75
tufts university	2	5143	3250	760	0.63
university of chicago	4	5729	4694	800	0.82
university of notre dame	1	8427	5445	770	0.65
university of pennsylvania	3	10678	7476	780	0.70
university of southern california	3	18392	10184	760	0.55
vanderbilt university	0	6818	5756	800	0.84
washington university in st louis	6	6913	5836	800	0.84
yale university	4	5473	4105	800	0.75

Pr2

	Fellows	Tot.Size	Size	SAT.Math75	SAT.700.800
bentley university	0	4190	836	690	0.20
boston college	1	9483	4232	740	0.45
boston university	0	16457	6247	730	0.38
emory university	1	7730	3865	750	0.50
george washington university	0	10433	2608	700	0.25
lehigh university	1	5034	2247	740	0.45
new york university	4	24539	10478	740	0.43
santa clara university	0	5447	1634	710	0.30
southern methodist university	1	6340	1901	710	0.30
tulane university	0	7892	1973	700	0.25
university of miami	0	10828	4110	730	0.38
university of tulsa	0	3441	860	700	0.25

Pr3

	Fellows	Tot.Size	Size	SAT.Math75	SAT.700.800
american university	0	7094	797	660	0.11
baylor university	1	13801	1936	670	0.14
bethel university-saint paul	0	2936	260	640	0.09
brigham young university-provo	0	27163	4686	680	0.17
butler university	0	4013	434	650	0.11
chapman university	0	6211	479	650	0.08
creighton university	0	3977	553	665	0.14
drake university	0	3290	551	670	0.17
drexel university	0	16681	2340	670	0.14
emerson college	0	3757	290	650	0.08
fordham university	0	8485	1464	680	0.17
gonzaga university	1	4754	367	650	0.08
loyola marymount university	0	6064	682	660	0.11
marquette university	1	8212	634	650	0.08
rockhurst university	0	1671	233	650	0.14
rollins college	0	2670	313	660	0.12
saint louis university	1	7822	1162	670	0.15
seattle university	0	4415	350	640	0.08
spring arbor university	0	2632	327	645	0.12
syracuse university	0	14768	1802	660	0.12
texas christian university	0	8600	763	650	0.09
university of dallas	0	1324	105	640	0.08
university of dayton	0	8305	658	640	0.08
university of denver	0	5629	633	660	0.11
university of detroit mercy	0	2677	481	670	0.18
yeshiva university	0	2814	518	680	0.18

Pu1

	Fellows	Tot.Size	Size	SAT.Math75	SAT.700.800
university of california-berkeley	11	27126	14125	770	0.52
university of california-san diego	0	24801	11887	760	0.48
university of illinois at urbana-champaign	6	31875	23906	790	0.75
university of michigan-ann arbor	5	28217	15624	760	0.55

Pu2

	Fellows	Tot.Size	Size	SAT.Math75	SAT.700.800
college of william and mary	4	6256	2671	740	0.43
cuny bernard m baruch college	0	14420	2955	690	0.20
michigan state university	2	38395	8535	690	0.22
missouri university of science and technology	0	6418	1604	700	0.25
ohio state university-main campus	2	43733	16601	730	0.38
purdue university-main campus	0	29977	7494	700	0.25
rutgers university-new brunswick	1	34094	8524	700	0.25
stony brook university	0	16170	4765	710	0.29
suny at binghamton	0	13372	3343	700	0.25
university of california-davis	3	27547	6887	700	0.25
university of california-irvine	1	24474	5394	690	0.22
university of california-los angeles	5	29627	12550	750	0.42
university of california-santa barbara	0	20237	5699	710	0.28
university of connecticut	0	18016	3767	690	0.21
university of florida	1	31879	6666	690	0.21
university of iowa	1	21486	5372	700	0.25
university of maryland-college park	9	26532	10072	730	0.38
university of minnesota-twin cities	2	30135	13205	750	0.44
university of north carolina at chapel hill	6	17908	6141	720	0.34
university of pittsburgh-pittsburgh campus	0	18474	3785	690	0.20
university of texas at austin	2	38914	12705	720	0.33
university of texas at dallas	0	14300	3575	700	0.25
university of virginia-main campus	3	15515	6625	740	0.43
university of washington-seattle campus	1	29468	7367	700	0.25
university of wisconsin-madison	6	29302	12046	740	0.41

Pu3

	Fellows	Tot.Size	Size	SAT.Math75	SAT.700.800
arizona state university-tempe	1	39316	3487	640	0.09
auburn university	0	20514	1918	645	0.09
clemson university	0	17083	2819	680	0.16
college of new jersey	0	6407	899	670	0.14
cuny city college	0	12175	1680	660	0.14
cuny hunter college	1	15778	1560	650	0.10
florida state university	0	32432	1489	640	0.05
indiana university-bloomington	2	32252	4209	660	0.13
iowa state university	0	28336	5568	680	0.20
miami university-oxford	0	15454	2763	680	0.18
mississippi state university	1	15800	1662	640	0.11
north carolina state university at raleigh	1	22925	3572	680	0.16
north dakota state university-main campus	0	11763	1981	665	0.17
pennsylvania state university-main campus	7	39958	5938	670	0.15
southern illinois university-carbondale	0	13171	1480	640	0.11
texas a and m university-college station	2	46941	6975	670	0.15
university at buffalo	0	19488	1729	650	0.09
university of alabama at birmingham	0	11383	1279	640	0.11
university of alabama in huntsville	0	5451	589	650	0.11
university of california-riverside	1	18784	2186	650	0.12
university of california-santa cruz	1	16277	2015	650	0.12
university of central florida	1	52280	3022	640	0.06
university of cincinnati-main campus	0	23795	3284	660	0.14
university of colorado boulder	2	25873	3376	660	0.13
university of delaware	2	18222	2223	660	0.12
university of georgia	1	26738	3751	670	0.14
university of houston	0	31643	2180	640	0.07
university of illinois at chicago	0	16635	2296	660	0.14
university of kentucky	0	21725	2114	640	0.10
university of maryland-baltimore county	1	11274	1582	670	0.14
university of massachusetts-amherst	0	21864	3068	670	0.14
university of massachusetts-lowell	0	12190	840	640	0.07
university of michigan-dearborn	0	6906	945	658	0.14
university of michigan-flint	0	6565	1304	680	0.20
university of minnesota-duluth	0	9120	887	640	0.10
university of missouri-columbia	1	27276	3764	660	0.14
university of missouri-kansas city	0	8127	1645	680	0.20
university of missouri-st louis	0	8936	1435	660	0.16
university of nebraska-lincoln	0	19979	2889	660	0.14
university of new orleans	1	6742	1218	670	0.18
university of north carolina wilmington	0	12686	582	640	0.05
university of oklahoma-norman campus	1	20538	3329	670	0.16
university of puerto rico-rio piedras	0	12086	2179	673	0.18
university of south carolina-columbia	0	24623	2494	660	0.10
university of tennessee-knoxville	1	21396	1695	640	0.08
university of utah	2	22804	2654	650	0.12
university of vermont	1	9958	985	650	0.10

L1

	Fellows	Tot.Size	Size	SAT.Math75	SAT.700.800
amherst college	0	1792	1158	770	0.65
bowdoin college	1	1797	1202	770	0.67
carleton college	1	2042	1131	760	0.55
claremont mckenna college	0	1293	897	770	0.69
grinnell college	0	1670	925	760	0.55
harvey mudd college	1	802	756	800	0.94
illinois wesleyan university	1	1883	1043	760	0.55
pomona college	2	1635	1134	770	0.69
swarthmore college	3	1530	989	770	0.65
williams college	4	2019	1224	770	0.61

L2

	Fellows	Tot.Size	Size	SAT.Math75	SAT.700.800
augustana college	0	2469	560	690	0.23
barnard college	0	2556	767	710	0.30
bates college	1	1773	466	703	0.26
bryn mawr college	1	1303	467	730	0.36
bucknell university	0	3528	1210	720	0.34
colby college	1	1847	633	720	0.34
colgate university	1	2865	1432	750	0.50
college of the holy cross	0	2754	531	690	0.19
colorado college	1	2036	611	710	0.30
connecticut college	1	1875	469	700	0.25
davidson college	0	1765	605	720	0.34
dickinson college	0	2315	579	700	0.25
franklin and marshall college	0	2182	859	730	0.39
hamilton college	1	1890	945	740	0.50
haverford college	0	1187	594	740	0.50
kalamazoo college	0	1431	315	690	0.22
kenyon college	0	1651	330	690	0.20
lafayette college	1	2471	847	720	0.34
lawrence university	1	1483	546	730	0.37
macalester college	4	2053	844	735	0.41
middlebury college	3	2498	1067	740	0.43
mount holyoke college	0	2161	828	735	0.38
oberlin college	1	2961	1015	720	0.34
occidental college	0	2023	506	700	0.25
pitzer college	1	1076	381	720	0.35
reed college	2	1335	526	730	0.39
rhodes college	0	2007	411	690	0.20
scripps college	0	962	289	710	0.30
smith college	2	2563	879	720	0.34
soka university of america	0	411	118	710	0.29
st olaf college	1	2990	645	690	0.22
trinity college	0	2262	566	700	0.25
union college of schenectady, ny	0	2204	780	720	0.35
university of richmond	0	3223	1105	720	0.34
vassar college	0	2389	1123	740	0.47
washington and lee university	0	1880	868	730	0.46
wellesley college	1	2172	969	740	0.45
wesleyan university	2	2907	1241	740	0.43
wheaton college of wheaton, il	0	2402	600	700	0.25
whitman college	0	1480	430	710	0.29

L3

	Fellows	Tot.Size	Size	SAT.Math75	SAT.700.800
agnes scott college	0	802	78	640	0.10
albion college	0	1249	111	640	0.09
austin college	0	1272	126	650	0.10
bard college	0	2021	361	680	0.18
beloit college	0	1225	102	645	0.08
centre college	0	1379	254	680	0.18
college of wooster	0	2029	302	670	0.15
concordia college at moorhead	1	2296	49	660	0.02
cornell college	0	1082	126	650	0.12
denison university	0	2265	391	680	0.17
depauw university	0	2185	246	660	0.11
earlham college	0	942	162	680	0.17
furman university	1	2796	341	660	0.12
gettysburg college	1	2437	352	680	0.14
gordon college	0	1703	166	640	0.10
gustavus adolphus college	1	2455	447	675	0.18
hendrix college	0	1322	173	660	0.13
hobart william smith colleges	0	2344	247	670	0.11
hope college	1	3312	358	650	0.11
knox college	0	1376	102	660	0.07
lewis and clark college	0	2039	242	670	0.12
luther college	1	2326	226	640	0.10
muhlenberg college	0	2332	262	660	0.11
ripon college	0	820	173	680	0.21
sarah lawrence college	0	1366	258	680	0.19
sewanee-university of the south	0	1616	125	650	0.08
skidmore college	0	2612	467	680	0.18
st john’s college	0	429	77	680	0.18
st lawrence university	0	2282	278	660	0.12
thomas aquinas college	0	378	17	640	0.05
transylvania university	0	1014	140	660	0.14
university of puget sound	1	2550	226	650	0.09
wabash college	0	923	82	640	0.09
washington college	0	1408	97	640	0.07
westmont college	0	1297	115	640	0.09
wheaton college of norton, ma	0	1575	219	665	0.14
willamette university	0	2009	199	650	0.10
wofford college	0	1654	131	640	0.08